Sunday, May 17, 2020

Hydrothermal Vents Early Life Theories

It is still unclear as to how life on Earth began. There are many competing theories out there ranging from the Panspermia Theory to the proven incorrect Primordial Soup experiments. One of the newest theories is that life began in hydrothermal vents. What Are Hydrothermal Vents? Hydrothermal vents are structures in the bottom of the ocean that have extreme conditions. There are extreme heat and extreme pressure in and around these vents. Since sunlight cannot reach to the depths of these structures, there had to be another energy source for early life that may have formed there. The current form of the vents contain chemicals that lend themselves to chemosynthesis—a way for organisms to create their own energy similar to photosynthesis that uses chemicals instead of sunlight to make energy. The Severest of Conditions These types of organisms are extremophiles that can live in the severest of conditions. The hydrothermal vents are very hot, hence the word thermal in the name. They also tend to be acidic, which is usually harmful to life. However, life that lives in and near these vents have adaptations that make them able to live, and even thrive, in these harsh conditions. The Archaea Domain Archaea live and thrive in and near these vents. Since this Domain of life tends to be considered the most primitive of organisms, it is not a stretch to believe they were the first to populate the Earth. Conditions are just right in the hydrothermal vents to keep the Archaea alive and reproducing. With the amount of heat and pressure in these areas, along with the types of chemicals available, life can be created and changed relatively quickly. Scientists have also traced the DNA of all currently living organisms back to a common ancestor extremophile that would have been found in the hydrothermal vents. The species contained within the Archaea domain are also thought by scientists to be the precursors for eukaryotic organisms. DNA analysis of these extremophiles shows that these singled cell organisms are actually more similar to a eukaryotic cell and the Eukarya domain than the other single-celled organisms that make up the Bacteria domain. One Hypothesis Begins With Archaea One hypothesis about how life evolved begins with Archaea in the hydrothermal vents. Eventually, these types of single-celled organisms became colonial organisms. Over time, one of the larger unicellular organisms engulfed other single-celled organisms which then evolved to become organelles within the eukaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cells in multicellular organisms were then free to differentiate and perform specialized functions. This theory of how eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes is called the endosymbiotic theory and was first proposed by American scientist Lynn Margulis. With a lot of data to back it up, including DNA analysis that links current organelles within eukaryotic cells to ancient prokaryotic cells, the Endosymbiotic Theory links the early life hypothesis of life beginning in hydrothermal vents on Earth with modern day multicellular organisms.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Music History Influences From Different Cultures Gave...

Jessica Seepersad Music 100 Dr. Manns December 9, 2016 Final Paper Throughout music history, influences from different cultures gave the basis of how music is written, played or performed. In the two fieldworks, I conducted at Brooklyn Museum and Brooklyn College convey the idea that music no matter where it is performed can reach others and tell stories. Whether the music is new or old, all music has a beginning. The two genres of music I studied were classical/romantic and Latin-pop/neo-soul. Those in the classical genre is rooted or produced in the western traditions in religious or secular music. The music scene during the classical period was in reflection to the changes happening in society. It was referred to as the classical period because of their interest in, admiration for, and emulation of the classical artistic and literary heritage of Greece and Rome. In the classical era, music has western staff notation being used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches,melodies, basslines, chords, tempo, meter and rhythms f or a piece of music. During the classical time, it was classified as upscale and high standards because only rich people were able to afford to see the performers. This was the first that public concerts were important to have so that the music was received. The listener’s role they play in the society is what the music is based upon. Latin pop refers to pop music that contains sound or influence from Latin America but it can also meanShow MoreRelatedHow Hip Hop Is Affecting The Youth1540 Words   |  7 Pages24, 2015 How hip hop is affecting the youth When it comes to hip hop music and hip hop culture all together, it can have many influences on people who like the culture of hip hop. His may be from the clothes that are worn and even the lyrics a specific hip hop artist says in his or her music. But one group of people, in my opinion, that hip hop culture influences the most is the youth. Now see the youth are at the age where they look for guidance and wait for someone to tell them how things shouldRead MoreRagtime And Blues : The History And Their Influence On Jazz1581 Words   |  7 PagesRagtime and Blues: The History and Their Influence on Jazz In the city of New Orleans, from parades to clubs and from weddings to funerals, one element usually remained constant throughout all these events: the music that permeated the air. At most of these occasions, a band often performed as entertainment, providing many opportunities for musicians in the area to work. By the early 20th century, due to various factors such as mix of ethnicities and cultures with syncopated musical styles influencedRead MoreMusic and the American Culture Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesMusic has played a vital role in human culture and evidence based on archaeological sites can date it back to prehistoric times. It can be traced through almost all civilizations in one form or another. As time has progressed so has the music and the influences it has on people. Music is an important part of popular culture throughout the world, but it is especially popular in the United States. The music industry here is, and has been, a multi-million dollar business th at continues to play anRead MoreTaylor Bryson. Music 12. Zilber. 10 May 2017. Michael Jackson.1591 Words   |  7 PagesTaylor Bryson Music 12 Zilber 10 May 2017 Michael Jackson Michael Jackson is unquestionably one of the most well-known musical artists in music history. His musical achievements rightfully earned him the title of the â€Å"King of Pop†. Jackson began his musical career at a very young age with his four older brothers, and together they formed the band, The Jackson 5. They grew up in Gary, Indiana, in a lower middle-class family. The Jackson family was a large family of twelve, but they lived in justRead MoreHow Dance Reflects Culture1224 Words   |  5 PagesHow Dance Reflects Culture. Dance occupies an important place or rather is seen as an important factor in the social structure of all human cultures throughout history. Dance tells us something about the way people think, what they feel and who they are. Dance is commonly defined as a form of human expression through body movement. But dance simply cannot be reduced merely to just movement. There are a number of theoretical definitions of dance either classifying it as a conscious way of rhythmicRead More Jazz Age Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pagesmusic alike ( Windfield 240). A lot of musicians were involved, from Louis Armstrong to Duke Ellington. The Jazz movement affected United States history and the future music industry in a variety of ways. Initially, the first jazz is said to have been played by funeral bands that wailed music full of soul and sadness as the followed horse drawn hearses down the streets of New Orleans. It was blues music though (Winfield 157). Many historians mark the start of the â€Å"Jazz Age† on November 12, 1917-Read MoreThe History of Slave Music and its Impact on Modern Music Essay2046 Words   |  9 Pagesof slavery is seen from written records of ancient times from all cultures and continents. Some societies viewed it as a legal institution. In the United States, slavery was inevitable even after the end of American Revolution. Slavery in united states had its origins during the English colonization of north America in 1607 but the African slaves were sold in 1560s this was due to demand for cheap labor to exploit economic opportunities. Slaves engaged in composition of music in order to preserveRead MoreAfrican American Influence On Music2019 Words   |  9 PagesAfrican American i nfluence in music has been an ever present and controversial subject in American history. Stemming from many different cultures, religions and backgrounds, large portions of American music was introduced by, and credited to African Americans. Although in many cases, this music was used for entertainment by the masses or majority, contrary to popular belief, black music served a greater purpose than just recreation. Dating all the way back to the beginning of slavery in the U.S.Read MoreAndre The Last Of The Great Humanist Architects1351 Words   |  6 PagesPalladio was â€Å"the last of the great Humanist architects† (Trachtenburg, 2002, p. 311). Since it is impossible to encompass all of Palladio’s accomplishments in one single essay, this paper will aim to give a detailed overview of Andrea’s early life, influences, greatest works, and his Palladian following. Originally born Andrea Di Pietro della Gondola in Padua, Italy, Palladio came into this world on November 30, 1508. With his father, who was a miller, he moved to Vicenza, Italy, a part of the RepublicRead MoreThe Influence of Music on Self and Society - Values in Music in Eastern and Western Cultures8787 Words   |  36 PagesThroughout history the unspoken but highly evocative language of music has exerted powerful influences on individuals and societies alike. Felix Mendelssohn once remarked that music is more specific about what it expresses than words written about those expressions could ever be. That music has the power to express, convey and illicit powerful emotions is without question, however the issue of musics moral and ethical power, and how that power affects individuals and societies, is one that receives

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn Essay Example For Students

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn Essay I read A tree grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith. The story takes place in the summer of 1912 in Brooklyn New York. Johnny and Katie Nolan met very young in 1900. Soon, after six months of meeting, and getting married they have their first child, Francie Nolan who is eleven when the book begins. Later they have their second and last child Neely Nolan. As Francie grows up she begins to lose her innocence through a tree-throwing ritual and an encounter with a sex offender who was shot by Katie. Her father drinks more and more and becomes worthless. Katie then becomes pregnant with a third child, Annie Laurie. Johnny dies on Christmas day, which was five moths before his daughter was born. Francie stops believing in God the Christian faith and begins to do poorly in school. Francie and her brother work after finishing middle school in order to help out Katie. She can only afford to send one of he kids to school so she decides to send Neely, and Francie continues to work which allows them to live a little easier. World War I begins in America and this causes the world to change. Francie finds her first love, however he leaves to marry his Fiance before going to war. Francie is left with a broken heart but soon she meets a another boy. Then, Sergeant McShane asks Katie to marry him and she accepts. He has enough money to support them fully without hardship, and allowing Francie and Neely to go to college. They move out of their apartment the day before the wedding while Francie gets ready to leave for college. I feel that Betty Smith relates to many other early 1900 writers in America. She brings forward the realities and struggles of poverty that many other writers have written about. In almost every chapter and character, Smith addresses the hardship of poverty, which gives the reader a feeling of how life was in the early 1900s. I feel that Scott F. Fitzgeralds writing in his book The Great Gatsby is similar to Betty Smiths writing because this book is all about the tragedies that are associated with excess money. This gives two sides of two different worlds in America around the same time. However, both writers write about the positive aspects of the two different money backgrounds and the negative aspects. Betty Smith shows that the most lovable character in the book are poor, but also points out the many hardships and horrible aspects of growing up in a world of poverty. And Fitzgerald also writes about the joys of wealth and success, along with the devastating life of money. For example, Scott F. Fitzgerald writes about the overwhelming lives of Tom and Daisy, who are a very unhappy couple, both having an affair, and living life by covering up their mistakes with money. I think that Betty Smith writes about a couple of different American Ideals. Her characters embody the lives of poverty stricken families, the lack of education that poor people usually have, and the amount of suffering that they and other families in that environment went through. She also challenges the differences between the lives of the wealthy and the lives of the poor, always comparing the two social classes, because even though she has a life full of love and happiness to the most part, she still breams of rising from poverty and succeeding on the other side of life where there are more open doors. In the end of the book Francie is able to fulfill her dream of succeeding and rising above her world of despair and hardship, she feel free has a more open world to explore. However, I believe that she supports both classes, even though she seems to like and support poor people. So the ideals that Betty Smith portrays in her book are that poverty doesnt matter if you have love in your life, and that money cannot buy happiness. .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178 , .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178 .postImageUrl , .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178 , .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178:hover , .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178:visited , .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178:active { border:0!important; } .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178:active , .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178 .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u96b4fa838710c2877d386ae0ca741178:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How is gender identity influenced by social struct Essay A tree grows in Brooklyn is a book that is full of truth and reality of a world that I do not know much of. I have such a luxurious life because of the amount of resources and the endless amount of love that I am surrounded by. However, the Nolan family finds beauty in their life that is full of a lot of love for each other even though they do not have the resources to back them up. All of them give up something in their lives for each others well being, whether it is education or money. I really enjoyed her style of writing which really gave you a feeling of being right there with the Nolan family in the projects of Brooklyn.